All employees are entitled to take leave. The general leave measures are set out in the Basic Conditions of Employment Act(No. 75 of 1997) and the Labour Relations Act (No. 66 of 1995). For institution-based educators, these measures appear in the Personnel Administrative Measures (PAM) (Government Gazette Vol. 404 No. 19767). The leave measures
relate to health, family and special leave categories. There are times when educators cannot perform their duties, and Chapter B of the PAM makes provision for the appointment of a substitute educator paid for by the state